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Notes from the people building it.

Engineering deep-dives, architecture decisions and the reasoning behind them.

Ali Nazari

Why Occupancy Sensing Is Harder Than It Looks

Every occupancy technology fails in a characteristic way, and the failures are not random. How to combine sensors so the mistakes cancel instead of compounding.

occupancy sensingbuilding automationsensor fusion
Ali Nazari

Reading IEC 62443 as a Device Maker: Zones, Conduits and Security Levels

The standard assigns different duties to asset owners, integrators and manufacturers. Which parts actually bind a product vendor, and what a Security Level claim commits you to.

IEC 62443OT securityindustrial
Ali Nazari

What a Digital Product Passport Asks of Your Bill of Materials

The data mostly exists already — scattered across an ERP, supplier questionnaires and spreadsheets. What it takes to assemble it into one record that stays correct as the product changes.

Digital Product PassportBOMsupply chain
Ali Nazari

Designing a Soil Sensor That Survives Three Seasons in a Field

Buried electronics face water, fertiliser, frost and a tractor. The failure modes that end field deployments, and the design decisions that decide whether a probe lasts one season or five.

soil sensorsagricultureruggedisation
Ali Nazari

Choosing a Positioning Technology: UWB, BLE, RFID or Wi-Fi

Four technologies that all claim to locate things indoors, separated by what they physically measure. How to pick using the accuracy you actually need rather than the best number available.

indoor positioningUWBBLE
Ali Nazari

Planning a Post-Quantum Migration for Constrained Devices

The algorithms are standardised and the deadlines are real. What changes for a device with kilobytes of RAM and a ten-year deployment, and where to start when you cannot patch the field.

post-quantumcryptographyembedded
Ali Nazari

Designing Connected Hardware That Can Actually Be Repaired

Repairability is decided in the first mechanical review and cannot be retrofitted. What the EU rules require, and the connected-device problem the rules barely mention.

repairabilityhardware designright to repair
Ali Nazari

Fitting a Neural Network onto a Microcontroller: Quantization, Pruning and Distillation

Three ways to shrink a model until it runs in kilobytes of RAM, what each one costs in accuracy, and how to tell which constraint you are actually up against.

TinyMLquantizationpruning
Ali Nazari

How Long Should a Connected Product Be Supported?

Three regulators now require you to publish a support period. Working out what number you can actually honour, and what it commits your engineering team to for years.

product lifecyclesecurity updatescompliance
Ali Nazari

LoRaWAN, NB-IoT or BLE: Choosing a Radio for a Sensor Fleet

Three radios that look interchangeable on a datasheet and are not. How range, power budget, message size and who owns the network decide which one a deployment can actually live with.

LoRaWANNB-IoTBLE
Ali Nazari

Time-Series Data at the Edge: What to Store, What to Send, What to Drop

Most IoT deployments ship far more data than anyone reads. A practical framework for deciding at the device what is worth transmitting, what is worth keeping locally, and what to discard immediately.

time seriesedge computingtelemetry
Ali Nazari

Default Credentials and Why IoT Botnets Keep Winning

Botnets are not built from clever exploits. They are built from devices that shipped with a password everyone knows and a firmware update nobody applied. What onboarding has to do instead.

IoT securitydefault credentialsbotnet

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